Notice on Several Measures of Guangzhou City to Promote High-Quality Development of Service Trade and Digital Trade through High-level Opening-up

To fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, and to carry out the "Opinions on the Reform and Innovative Development of Digital Trade" issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The General Office of the State Council, as well as the "Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of Service Trade through High-Level Opening-up" (Guo Ban Fa [2024] No. 44) issued by The General Office of the State Council To deepen reform, opening up, innovation and cooperation in the fields of trade in services and digital trade, improve the support and promotion system for innovative development, and achieve growth in scale, optimization of structure, improvement of efficiency and enhancement of strength in trade in services and digital trade, the following measures are formulated in light of the actual development of Guangzhou.

(1) Deepen the opening up of the service sector. Strive to become a national demonstration zone for the innovative development of trade in services, and set an example in terms of institutional innovation and opening up, business model innovation and improvement, and regional coordinated development. We will implement the national and free trade zone versions of the negative list for cross-border trade in services, strengthen the connection between the opening-up measures of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the negative list for cross-border trade in services, and further relax the access conditions for foreign investment in service sectors such as telecommunications, healthcare and education. In terms of service industry professional qualifications, service standards, certification and accreditation, and industry management, efforts should be made to enhance alignment with international economic and trade rules such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). (Member Unit of the Leading Group for the Comprehensive Pilot Work on Expanding Opening-up of the Service Industry in Guangzhou)  

(2) Promote the alignment of rules and mechanisms with those of Hong Kong and Macao. We will further implement the "Bay Area Connectivity" project and finalize the list of 99 items on the connection mechanism with the rules of Hong Kong and Macao in three batches. In line with the "Agreement II on Amending the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) Services Trade Agreement between the Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong" and the "Agreement II on Amending the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) Services Trade Agreement between the Chinese Mainland and Macao", accelerate the connection of systems and the alignment of projects Further lower or remove the entry threshold for service providers from Hong Kong and Macao. Hong Kong industrial surveying enterprises are allowed to provide professional services in Guangzhou through the filing method. Hong Kong engineering construction consulting enterprises that have been filed are allowed to participate in the bidding for project consulting services in accordance with the law in the form of a consortium. The limit on the number of people from Hong Kong and Macao participating in online TV dramas as main creative personnel has been lifted. Strive for cruise ships passing through Hong Kong to give priority to using Nansha International Cruise Home Port as the port of call for international cruise routes. (Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Commerce Bureau, Municipal Investment and Development Commission Office, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Municipal Culture, Radio, Film and Tourism Bureau, Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau, Municipal Port Authority, and Governments of all districts)  

(3) Enhance the standardization level of trade in services. Carry out pilot demonstrations of standardization in the service sector, and take the lead in promoting the formulation and improvement of investment facilitation and trade facilitation management systems as well as industry standards for service trade. Encourage enterprises, public institutions, people's organizations, industry associations and other entities to carry out the research and development of "Bay Area Standards". Promote the construction of national-level pilot projects for standardization of cross-border elderly care services in elderly care institutions. We will improve the standardization of the arbitration industry, promote the international recognition of the "Guangzhou Standard" for Internet arbitration, support the empowerment of arbitration development by cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, and actively promote the intelligence and internationalization of arbitration services. (Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Guangzhou Arbitration Commission, Municipal Justice Bureau, and District Governments)  

(4) Facilitate the cross-border flow of professional talents. We will carry out in-depth pilot projects on the standards for identifying "high-end, sophisticated, and scarce" foreign talents to promote the introduction of foreign high-end and professional talents. Expand the list of recognized overseas professional qualifications (trades), continuously explore the expansion of the scope of recognition for professional qualifications from Hong Kong and Macao, and support Nansha in formulating the 2.0 version of the "List of Recognized Overseas Professional Qualifications in Nansha District, Guangzhou City". Carry out pilot projects to facilitate the work of foreigners in China and support foreign talents in starting businesses and innovating in Guangzhou. We will implement policies and measures to facilitate the entry and exit of talents. For foreign high-level talents, foreign senior managers, foreign members of innovation and entrepreneurship teams, foreign technical talents, and those engaged in necessary economic and trade activities in Guangzhou, we will provide convenience for their entry and exit as well as stay and residence for themselves and their families. Explore the implementation of an immigration system for high-tech talents. (Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Guangzhou Border Inspection General Station, District Governments)  

(V) Promote the two-way and convenient flow of capital elements. Strengthen the interconnection and interoperability of financial products and services with Hong Kong and Macao, deepen the cross-border wealth management Connect, and support qualified investors from Hong Kong and Macao in applying for the establishment of licensed financial institutions in accordance with the law. Encourage qualified foreign-funded institutions to participate in investment and financing in areas such as wealth management, green finance, elderly care and health, and asset management, and promote the facilitation of cross-border investment and financing. We will steadily advance the pilot program for cross-border financial innovation and deepen the pilot program for high-level opening up of cross-border trade and investment at the national level. Carry out foreign exchange management reform and implement pilot policies such as exemption from registration for domestic reinvestment by foreign-invested enterprises. We will continue to optimize the pilot program for the integrated domestic and foreign currency fund pool business of multinational companies, simplify the relevant filing procedures and the review of materials related to foreign-related receipts and payments, and further improve the efficiency of fund utilization. Promote higher-level facilitation of cross-border RMB settlement and guide commercial banks and payment institutions to increase support for cross-border RMB settlement business of new forms of foreign trade. (Guangdong Branch of the People's Bank of China, Municipal Financial Services Office, District Governments)  

(6) Promote cross-border flows of scientific and technological innovation elements. Promote the free cross-border flow of scientific research materials, make good use of the positive list for cross-border scientific research materials, and simplify the import and export procedures for equipment and samples for research and development purposes. We will orderly promote the cross-border flow of municipal fiscal research funds into Hong Kong and continue to open up major research infrastructure and large-scale research instruments in Guangzhou to Hong Kong and Macao. Support the direct transfer of overseas research start-up funds to foreign-funded non-enterprise research institutions in Guangzhou, and support the cross-border settlement of foreign exchange research funds under genuine and legal service trade. Support enterprises in establishing and improving overseas operation institutions and R&D centers. Encourage the import and export of advanced technologies and services such as patent rights, proprietary technologies and patent consultation. Explore the paths for the two-way connection, transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements at home and abroad. Relying on exhibitions, platforms such as the Greater Bay Area Science Forum and the South China Technology Transfer Center, as well as various competitions and activities, promote the transfer and connection of innovative and entrepreneurial technological achievements. (Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Commerce Bureau, Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau, People's Bank of China Guangdong Branch, Guangzhou Customs, Huangpu Customs, and District Governments)  

(7) Promote the safe and orderly cross-border flow of data. Strengthen the foundation of new data infrastructure, support the establishment of dedicated international data channels and dedicated scientific research networks, strive to expand the bandwidth of international Internet exports, explore the construction of computing power service platforms, enhance the service capabilities of global data source centers, and further consolidate Guangzhou's status as an international information hub. Accelerate the construction of the Nansha (Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao) Data Service Pilot Zone, implement a negative list for cross-border data in the Nansha Free Trade Zone, and under the framework of the national data cross-border transmission security management system, establish and improve the cross-border data flow and trading mechanism among Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao. Support the construction of a data protection and cross-border data service platform in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and explore the establishment of a comprehensive data export service center. Explore cross-border data services, collaborate with Hong Kong and Macao to carry out services such as data hosting, integrated computing, privacy computing, data preprocessing and privacy protection, promote the establishment of cross-border data sharing, intercommunication and mutual recognition mechanisms with Hong Kong and Macao in areas such as business registration, social credit, social insurance, food safety, medical and health care, commodity traceability and cross-border payment, and create cross-border data application scenarios. (Municipal Cyberspace Administration Office, Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, Municipal Bureau of Government Affairs and Data, Municipal Financial Services Office, Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau, Municipal Health Commission, Nansha District Government  

(8) Optimize port clearance management. Promote the "Hong Kong and Macao Medicines and Medical Devices Access" program and optimize the customs clearance management for urgently needed medicines and medical devices imported from Hong Kong and Macao. Expand the application of the public information platform for air logistics and promote the integration of information throughout the entire air logistics chain. Expand the information sharing mechanism among Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao, support the cooperative construction of the "Single Window", continuously expand the application scope of the Guangzhou "Single Window" cross-border customs clearance service platform for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and promote the sharing of electronic data of inspection and quarantine certificates between the mainland and Hong Kong. (Guangzhou Customs, Huangpu Customs, Guangzhou Border Inspection General Station, Guangzhou Maritime Safety Administration, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau  

(IX) Enhance the capacity of international transportation services. Accelerate the construction of the Guangzhou International Logistics Center, precisely expand the international logistics channel network, and support logistics enterprises in increasing the scale of cross-border logistics service exports. Increase the number of all-cargo aircraft routes and transportation capacity, and strengthen the import channels for high-end products such as precision equipment, electronic manufacturing, bionic materials, and power batteries. Strive to further open up the daytime flight schedule resources of all-cargo aircraft and enhance the flexibility of the International Air Transport Organization. Plan and construct the China-Europe Railway Express (Guangzhou) Assembly Center to high standards, and promote cost reduction, capacity expansion, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of the China-Europe Railway Express in Guangzhou. Support shipping service institutions with international influence to provide services in Guangzhou, and expand the shipping service industry chain including shipping finance, international transshipment, ship leasing and maintenance management. (Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Port Authority, Management Committee of Guangzhou Airport Economic Zone, Government of Baiyun District, Government of Zengcheng District, Government of Nansha District)  

(10) Vigorously develop cross-border travel. Expand foreign-invested travel agencies to engage in outbound tourism business. We will continue to expand inbound tourism consumption, enhance the promotion and publicity of the city's tourism resources to the outside world, create a number of inbound tourism brands and high-quality routes, develop direct overseas flights, make full use of the visa-free transit policy for foreigners, and attract more foreigners to visit Guangzhou. Make full use of technologies such as "Internet +" and "AI+" to further enhance the convenience of customs clearance for foreign personnel at ports, optimize the customs clearance process at ports, and provide international tourists with more convenient and efficient entry service experiences. Strengthen the construction of the international language environment, intensify the training of foreign language tour guides, optimize the payment environment for inbound personnel in cultural and tourism consumption venues, and promote the facilitation of mobile payment for inbound personnel. Vigorously develop international cruise tourism and low-altitude tourism. (Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Tourism, Municipal Public Security Bureau, People's Bank of China Guangdong Branch, Management Committee of Guangzhou Airport Economic Zone, Guangzhou Border Inspection General Station, District Governments)  

(11) Expand the export of characteristic services. Support the development of national and provincial-level characteristic service export bases such as cultural, digital, traditional Chinese medicine and intellectual property services, and cultivate a number of key service export enterprises and projects. We will promote the construction of cultural bases such as national cultural export bases, national bases for cultural trade with foreign countries, national bases for online games and animation, and Guangdong National Digital Publishing bases. We will support the bonded storage, display and trading of cultural relics and artworks in special customs supervision areas, and promote the "going global" of advantageous industries such as games and animation, digital music, and cultural services such as live streaming and short videos. Relying on national and provincial digital service export bases, we should strengthen innovation in key core technologies, digital application scenarios and trade models, and support digital service enterprises with high outward orientation and unique competitive advantages to grow stronger. Support the establishment of national bases for the export of traditional Chinese medicine services, expand the export of traditional Chinese medicine products and services, and enhance the international influence of traditional Chinese medicine. Build a high-quality agglomeration development demonstration zone for the national intellectual property service industry, and create public service platforms for intellectual property such as patent cultivation, trademark brands, and international cooperation. We will continue to carry out pilot projects for opening up patent agencies to the outside world and strive to introduce foreign patent agencies from Thailand, Portugal and other countries to set up permanent representative offices. (Publicity Department of the Municipal Committee, Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Tourism, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, District Governments)  

(12) Promote the growth and expansion of emerging service trade. Improve the financial service system in the Greater Bay Area, promote the integration and alignment of standards, cross-border business innovation, and coordinated regulatory interaction, and build an important financial platform in the Greater Bay Area. Support financial institutions in Guangzhou to issue green bonds in Hong Kong and Macao, and raise funds to support the construction of green enterprises and projects in Guangzhou. Give full play to the role of platforms such as the Green Finance Alliance of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and jointly conduct research on standards and products in the field of green finance with Hong Kong and Macao. Introduce high-quality international exhibitions and conferences, create a number of exhibition and conference brands with international influence, and build international exhibition and conference centers. Promote the high-quality construction of the human resources service industrial park, accelerate the agglomeration and development of the human resources service industry, attract internationally renowned human resources service institutions, and enhance the internationalization level of human resources services. Meet the demands of residents' consumption upgrade and expand the supply of high-quality living service trade. We will continue to expand the coverage of the "Medicines and Medical Devices Access Program for Hong Kong and Macao" and carry out pilot projects for wholly foreign-owned hospitals. Expand the content of specialized international medical services, promote personalized medical services covering the entire life cycle with "general practice + specialty", and meet the diversified and international medical service demands. Actively introduce high-level educational resources from abroad and promote cooperative education between China and foreign countries, as well as between the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions. Support universities in strengthening the construction of disciplines and majors related to service trade and enhancing the cultivation of talents in the field of service trade. Introduce and host international sports events, accelerate the cultivation and construction of international performance centers, and promote the integration of business, tourism, culture, sports and health consumption. (Municipal Committee Financial Services Office, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Health Commission, Municipal Education Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Tourism, Municipal Sports Bureau, District Governments)  

(13) Promote the integrated development of trade in services and trade in goods. In Nansha Comprehensive Bonded Zone and Huangpu Comprehensive Bonded Zone, we will actively develop new business forms of bonded maintenance for high-tech products. We will strive to carry out pilot projects of bonded remanufacturing of auto parts and bonded maintenance of civil aircraft outside the airport Comprehensive Bonded Zone. Join hands with Hong Kong and Macao to jointly develop aircraft leasing business and support financial leasing companies in conducting operating lease business. Accelerate the high-end development of service outsourcing, with a focus on developing service outsourcing related to trade in goods such as R&D and design, Internet marketing, human resources, and legal services. Support inspection, testing and certification institutions in obtaining accreditation from the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS), and extend the service chain of conformity assessment. Support cooperation with inspection, testing and certification institutions in Hong Kong and Macao to jointly study and formulate conformity assessment standards, promote the alignment of inspection and certification rules among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and ensure mutual trust and recognition of results. Establish a green and low-carbon demonstration zone for Guangdong-Hong Kong integration in Nansha, Guangzhou, explore cross-border carbon emission rights trading, and set up a mutual recognition mechanism for carbon emissition-related standards with the countries along the Belt and Road Initiative and the European Union. (Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Financial Services Office, Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Management Committee of Guangzhou Airport Economic Zone, Governments of all Districts)  

(14) Expand digital service trade. Encourage the application of Internet, Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in the field of service trade. Explore the establishment of cross-border mutual recognition mechanisms for electronic signature certificates and electronic contracts, and promote the application of electronic signature mutual recognition certificates in public services, finance, trade and other fields. Support the development of new business forms and models of smart healthcare and telemedicine, carry out international hospital accreditation and certification, and facilitate international insurance reimbursement. Cultivate smart education to extend and expand into basic education, vocational education, higher education and adult education, and enhance the international influence of Guangzhou's online education products. Promote the construction of "5G+ Smart Culture and Tourism ", and guide the development of new business forms such as cloud tourism, cloud performances, cloud live streaming, cloud entertainment and cloud exhibitions. Promote the digital transformation of the financial industry, and support and encourage all types of financial institutions to use digital technologies to innovate and optimize service products, business models and business processes. (Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, Municipal Health Commission, Municipal Education Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Tourism, Municipal Government Affairs and Data Bureau, Municipal Financial Services Office, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and Governments of all Districts)  

(15) Optimize digital product trade. Promote international cooperation in the digital creative industry and accelerate the overseas expansion of cultural products. Support the development of original high-quality ips in digital content such as digital films and television, games and animation, digital literature, digital music, digital art, and virtual idols. Make full use of the superimposed advantages of the national digital service export base and the National cultural export base platforms, guide digital enterprises to accelerate the integrated development of excellent traditional culture and modern technology, and establish the brand of Guangzhou's digital content. Actively strive for and optimize the management and service measures for game version numbers, strengthen the protection of digital content Copyrights, and support game enterprises in "going global". (Municipal Publicity Department, Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Tourism, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, District Governments)  

(16) Strengthen digital ordering trade. Continuously innovate the business model of cross-border e-commerce, replicate and promote the models of "cross-border e-commerce retail export + foreign comprehensive service", "global quality product distribution center", and "cross-border + live streaming", support the opening of cross-border e-commerce offline experience stores, and expand the sales channels of goods. Support the construction of the "three centers" for global cross-border e-commerce (the Ecological Innovation Center, the Seller Service Center, and the Super Supply Chain Center). Promote the development of "cross-border e-commerce + industrial belts", build "one zone, one feature" cross-border e-commerce industrial parks, and support cross-border e-commerce industrial parks in providing one-stop services including warehousing and transportation, customs declaration and clearance, payment and settlement, tax and insurance, software development, big data analysis, financing incubation, training and consultation. (Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Management Committee of Guangzhou Airport Economic Zone, District Governments)  

(17) Relax market access in the digital field. Strive to expand the pilot program of opening up value-added telecommunications services to the outside world and relax market access for telecommunications services. Attract foreign investment to engage in information service business, Internet access services, and software as a Service (SaaS). Open up domestic Internet virtual private network services to foreign investment (with a foreign equity ratio not exceeding 50%), and attract overseas telecommunications operators to set up joint ventures to provide domestic Internet virtual private network services for foreign-invested enterprises in Guangzhou. (Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, District Governments)  

(18) Support enterprises in going global to expand their markets. Organize service trade and digital trade enterprises to participate in comprehensive exhibitions such as the China International Fair for Trade in Services, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Service Trade Conference, the China International Import Expo, and the Canton Fair, as well as overseas professional exhibitions such as the Gamescom in Cologne, Germany, and the Hong Kong International Innovation and Technology Fair. Set up a Guangzhou exhibition area to assist industrial parks and enterprises in promoting their service brands and expanding international markets. Give full play to the bridging and linking role of overseas public service platforms such as the Guangzhou Digital Trade Public Service Platform Alliance, Tianhe Overseas Expansion Alliance, Huangpu District Global Innovation Enterprise Alliance, and the Comprehensive Service Base for Chinese Enterprises' "Going Global", and provide full-chain public services and solutions for Guangzhou enterprises to expand their international markets overseas. (Municipal Bureau of Commerce, District Governments  

(19) Expand the supply of high-quality foreign-related legal services. Build a high-quality foreign-related legal system, vigorously cultivate commercial mediation organizations urgently needed for economic and social development, support chambers of commerce, industry associations, arbitration institutions, law firms and other social organizations with conditions to set up commercial mediation organizations with local characteristics, and enhance the capacity and level of international commercial and trade mediation services. Organize and implement the Intellectual Property Rights Protection overseas Expansion project and intellectual property rights services for international exhibitions, and continuously enhance the overseas risk response capabilities of innovation entities. Promote the construction of an international compliance system for enterprises' intellectual property rights, and strengthen the diagnosis of overseas intellectual property rights risks and guidance on compliance construction for enterprises. Promote overseas infringement liability insurance for intellectual property rights, fully utilize the risk-sharing function of insurance, and reduce the cost of overseas rights protection for enterprises. Establish a mechanism for pre-event risk warning, in-event rights protection guidance, and post-event rights protection assistance to provide full-chain protection for enterprises' overseas intellectual property rights. Give full play to the advantages of the "3+N" arbitration trial model, actively promote the application and popularization of the "Four Shares" arbitration collaboration mechanism (standard sharing, court sharing, service window sharing, and mutual recognition of arbitrators), and provide high-quality, efficient and convenient foreign-related legal services to safeguard enterprises' overseas expansion. (Municipal Bureau of Justice, Municipal Market Supervision and Administration Bureau, Guangzhou Arbitration Commission, and District Governments)  

(20) Special support policies for innovation. Optimize the policies of the municipal-level special funds for promoting high-quality business development (service trade Special topic) to support the development of service trade, digital trade and service outsourcing. For service trade, digital trade and service outsourcing enterprises with strong competitiveness, high growth potential and innovation leadership from 2025 to 2029, support will be provided in different grades through comprehensive evaluation every year. The maximum amount shall not exceed one million yuan. Encourage each district to introduce supporting policies. Strengthen the connection with the National Service Trade Innovation and Development Guidance Fund, and guide social capital to support the innovative development of service trade, digital trade and service outsourcing. We will implement tax policies such as zero VAT rate or exemption for service exports, further shorten the processing time for export tax rebates, and ensure that the average processing time for normal export tax rebates (exemptions) is reduced to within 5 working days. Among them, the average processing time for normal export tax rebates (exemptions) for Class I and Class II export enterprises is reduced to within 3 working days. Actively promote the national unified and standardized electronic tax bureau, remote visual tax handling system, self-service tax handling system and other tax handling and payment channels, optimize the "contactless" tax and fee service model, and further enhance the convenience of tax handling and payment. We will increase support for export credit insurance, expand its coverage in the service trade sector, appropriately optimize underwriting methods for eligible small and medium-sized enterprises, and enhance the convenience of insurance services. (Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Finance Bureau, Guangzhou Taxation Bureau, and District Governments)  

(21) Enhance the level of statistical monitoring. Implement and enforce the "System for Statistical Monitoring of International Trade in Services" and the "System for Statistical Investigation of Service Outsourcing", and carry out in-depth statistical monitoring of trade in services, digital trade and service outsourcing. Promote the sharing of departmental statistical information and data exchange, improve the tracking and contact system for key enterprises, and strengthen data analysis and research. (Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Bureau of Statistics  

(22) Strengthen the cross-departmental linkage and coordination mechanism. Establish and improve the cross-departmental working liaison mechanism, intensify overall coordination efforts, and promptly address the problems and difficulties faced in the development of service trade, digital trade and service outsourcing. (Municipal Bureau of Commerce